Hedonic motives5/2/2023 ![]() obesus without affecting glycemia in normoglycemic controls. RESULTS-Unexpectedly, rapamycin worsened hyperglycemia in diabetic P. rapamycin or vehicle, and the effects on insulin signaling in muscle, liver and islets, and on different metabolic parameters were analyzed. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-Normoglycemic and diabetic P. obesus) model of nutrition-dependent type 2 diabetes, using the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin. We tested this hypothesis in the Psammomys obesus (P. Therefore, mTOR/S6K1 inhibition could become a therapeutic strategy in insulin-resistant states, including type 2 diabetes. more OBJECTIVE-Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and its downstream target S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) mediate nutrient-induced insulin resistance by downregulating insulin receptor substrate proteins with subsequent reduced Akt phosphorylation. OBJECTIVE-Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and its downstream target S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) media. Collectively, these findings highlight a yet unappreciated role for astrocyte in the direct. ![]() Positive or negative chemogenetic manipulation of PVN astrocyte Ca2+ signals respectively worsen or improves metabolic status of diet-induced obese mice. Such process recruits a mechanism involving the astrocytic control of ambient glutamate levels, which becomes defective in obesity. In the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus, chemogenetic manipulation of astrocytes results in bidirectional control of neighboring neuron activity, autonomic outflow, glucose metabolism and energy balance. Here we show that obesity promotes anatomically restricted remodeling of hypothalamic astrocyte activity. Conversely, the role of astrocytes in systemic metabolic control has remained largely unexplored. However, to this day strategies targeting hypothalamic neurons failed to provide viable option to treat most metabolic diseases. more SummaryThe hypothalamus is key in the control of energy balance. SummaryThe hypothalamus is key in the control of energy balance.
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